ISTANBUL 

The International Olympic Committee has revoked a total of 149 medals due to doping violations in its history, with Russian athletes involved in the most cases.

Russia has been at the center of several doping scandals, with 46 Olympic medals won by Russian athletes later revoked due violations of anti-doping rules.

Eleven Olympic medals each have been revoked from Belarussian and Ukrainian athletes due to the use of banned substances, while athletes representing the Central Asian country of Kazakhstan have been stripped of nine medals in total.

In terms of sports branch, the most disciplinary measures over doping violations so far have been taken against those competing in athletics and weightlifting, with 50 violations each.