ISTANBUL

US President Donald Trump signed an executive order Thursday aimed at rapidly expanding the exploration and development of critical minerals from the seabed to counter China's dominance and reduce American reliance on "foreign adversaries."

The order, titled “Unleashing America's Offshore Critical Minerals and Resources,” establishes a national policy to secure vital resources like nickel, cobalt, copper, manganese, titanium and rare earth elements found in vast offshore areas. It cites "unprecedented economic and national security challenges" linked to dependence on foreign suppliers.

A key motivation outlined is countering "China's growing influence over seabed mineral resources."

Contextually, the US relies heavily on China for critical minerals. Between 2020 and 2023, China supplied 70% of US rare earth imports, according to the US Geological Survey (USGS). The USGS also notes that China controls most global rare earth production and refining. Recent Chinese export controls on several rare earths further underscore US vulnerability.

To address this reliance on China, the executive order mandates immediate action across federal agencies. It directs the Secretaries of Commerce and Interior to establish "expedited" permitting processes for seabed mineral exploration and extraction, both within US waters and internationally.

The order also calls for boosting domestic capabilities, including exploration technology and crucial mineral processing capacity. It also requires plans for mapping priority seabed areas to accelerate resource identification.

Strengthening international partnerships is another directive, aiming to support allies in developing their own seabed resources, including by seeking scientific collaboration and commercial development opportunities.

US Secretary of State Marco Rubio commended the order on X, saying it "makes clear" that the US, not China "will lead the world in responsibly unlocking seabed mineral resources."